The Inter American Press Association (IAPA) expressed concern about the violation of personal data belonging to more than 300 Mexican journalists who covered the morning press conferences of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador and called for a timely investigation to determine responsibilities.

At the end of last week, a cybersecurity expert warned of the leakage on clandestine internet forums of the database from the Presidential Press Accreditation System, containing personal information of around 323 national and international journalists who have attended President López Obrador’s daily morning press conferences, known as the “manañeras.”

“This is an act that violates the privacy of the affected journalists and puts their integrity at great risk,” said Roberto Rock, president of the IAPA and director of the Mexican portal La Silla Rota. Rock added that “authorities must conduct a thorough investigation to determine how the leak occurred, who is responsible, and apply the subsequent sanctions, as well as ensure the security of those affected.”

The leaked data includes names, emails, phone numbers, addresses, dates of birth, passport numbers, identifications, Federal Taxpayer Registry, among other personal information of the journalists, as reported by the Mexican press.

The president of the IAPA’s Commission on Press Freedom and Information, Carlos Jornet, editor of the Argentine newspaper La Voz del Interior, warned that “the disclosure of journalists’ private information needs to be taken seriously and responsibly, but this is particularly delicate in Mexico, one of the most dangerous countries for the press in the hemisphere.”

The IAPA executives emphasized that the protection of personal data and people’s privacy are fundamental rights, and their illegal use and deliberate dissemination must be investigated, with those responsible being prosecuted.

Mexico ranks 15th in the Chapultepec Index, an annual barometer of the IAPA measuring the state of press freedom in 22 countries in the Americas. Factors that contribute to the deteriorating press freedom environment include murders of journalists, verbal and physical assaults, stigmatization from the executive branch, and violence in different regions, leading to internal displacement and exile of journalists.

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ARTICLE 19 stands in solidarity with our colleagues in Mexico in the face of false allegations propagated by Ulrich Richter Morales, a lawyer suing Google. In connection with the case, and in an article published in El Universal, Richter Morales accused ARTICLE 19 of lacking impartiality and of ‘serving as a vehicle for Google and Facebook’. ARTICLE 19 refutes this accusation as completely without basis in fact, and states unequivocally that these sources of funding have never influenced our positions with regard to Big Tech.  

In 2022, a court in Mexico City ordered Google to pay close to 250 million dollars in compensation to Richter Morales for failure to take down a blogpost from its Blogger platform. Richter Morales alleged the blogpost contained defamatory information about him. Google appealed and the case is now being heard at the Supreme Court.

ARTICLE 19 Mexico submitted an amicus brief in the case, in which they defended the core principle of the modern Internet – that platforms should be protected from liability for third parties’ content when they have not been involved in modifying the content in question.

On 28 January, Richter Morales published a piece in El Universal against ARTICLE 19, alleging conflict of interest and that the organisation is misleading the court by submitting a third party intervention in the case, given that ARTICLE 19 Mexico received a certain amount of funding from Google. On 29 January, it was reported that he filed a criminal lawsuit against the organisation.

In response, ARTICLE 19 highlights that our policy on intermediary liability had been adopted long before any funding was received from any of the technology companies. In fact, ARTICLE 19 has for years been consistent in advocacy of freedom of expression standards in the context of intermediary liability. In 2013 we published our Dilemma of Liability policy, which forms the basis of our longstanding strand of work. In it, we argued that holding platforms liable for content of others would have a profound chilling effect on the freedom of expression of internet users, but also that it makes the platforms complicit in a substantial invasion of their users’ privacy. We were also one of the civil society organisations behind the drafting of the Manila Principles of Intermediary Liability, first released in 2015. ARTICLE 19 has defended platforms’ immunity from liability in front of the US Supreme Court and the European Court of Human Rights.

With regards to funding, ARTICLE 19 has always been transparent about the sources of our income, all of which come from a variety of institutional and private donors. Our funding sources are declared in compliance reports and documentation, and have never been concealed from either the community we serve, or the donors who support our work around the world.

The attacks levelled against ARTICLE 19 Mexico are not based on any serious analysis of our positions on the issues related to Big Tech. Our organisation has also consistently criticised Big Tech companies, including Google, for their exploitative business models based on surveillance advertising.

In fact, ARTICLE 19 has spearheaded pioneering work using pro-competition tools to transform digital markets so that they can better serve people. The work is focused specifically on addressing and combating the growing power of tech giants such as Meta and Alphabet – the very monopolies Richter Morales falsely accuses us of being ‘a front’ for.

Accusations of funder bias have no evidence in reality. Our work has always been guided solely by our commitment to protecting and advancing freedom of expression. ARTICLE 19 Mexico has been one of the strongest campaigners for freedom for Julian Assange, despite the US government being one of our funders.

We consider this baseless attack on ARTICLE 19 Mexico to be a blatant attempt at intimidation, targeting a human rights organisation which tirelessly works to expose wrongdoing at the highest levels of power and consistently stands up for freedom of expression.

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On 12 January 2023, Juan Carlos García Rivera, accused of using Pegasus malware to spy on journalist Carmen Aristegui, was acquitted by a judge in Mexico City. The trial confirmed that Aristegui’s phone was tapped with illegal spyware, but the Prosecutor’s Office did not provide sufficient evidence that García Rivera had directly participated in the crime. ARTICLE 19 Mexico, R3D and Social Tic call for the investigations into the use of Pegasus to continue so that those responsible for illegal spying on journalists and human rights defenders are brought to justice. 

When issuing the sentence, Judge Luis Benítez Alcántara acknowledged that the journalist’s phone was indeed tapped with Pegasus between 2015 and 2016, as experts from Citizen Lab from University of Toronto demonstrated during the trial.

The judge also conceded that Aristegui was targeted because of her journalistic work investigating corruption at the highest level of power during the previous administration of President Peña Nieto. In addition, the judge pointed out that interception of private communications without a court order represents an offense against the journalist, as it serves to inhibit her work and put her integrity, as well as the safety of her relatives and sources at risk.

However, Benítez Alcántara considered that the Prosecutor’s Office did not sufficiently prove that García Rivera had directly participated in the illegal tapping of Aristegui’s private communications, and therefore ordered his immediate release.

The judge regretted that Carmen Aristegui’s access to justice could not be guaranteed due to the failure of the Attorney General’s Office to comply with the standards of proof and urged the agency to continue with the investigations until those responsible for the espionage are found.

It is also important to move forward with the investigations of the cases of other espionage victimes, which have been reported to the Attorney General’s Office more than six years ago.

The outcome of the trial confirms the urgent need for the Attorney General’s Office to increase the efforts to investigate all those responsible for illegal espionage, whether they are private actors and/or public officials of either the former Attorney General’s Office (PGR), the former Center for Intelligence and National Security (CISEN) or the Ministry of National Defense (SEDENA), whose use of the Pegasus system in the last six years have been fully documented.

Likewise, there is still a need to move forward with the investigations into the cases of espionage with Pegasus that have been denounced during the current administration, perpetrated by the Armed Forces against human rights defenders and journalists, as has been documented by the investigation Ejército Espía.

It is regrettable that, more than six years after the complaints were filed, impunity for illegal espionage against dozens of victims continues.

The work of defending human rights and journalistic activity is under threat, as long as those responsible for these acts are not brought to justice. Alongside the need for urgent investigations, it is also essential to carry out the necessary reforms to ensure that the acquisition and use of surveillance technologies are no longer abused. We call for a moratorium on surveillance technologies, until sufficient regulatory frameworks are put in place to ensure that the use of such technologies can be compatible with human rights.

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The Committee to Protect Journalists is alarmed by a spate of violent abductions and attacks on eight journalists in Mexico and calls on authorities to immediately, credibly, and transparently investigate whether the attacks were related to the reporters’ work and bring the culprits to justice.

On November 22, Silvia Arce and Alberto Sánchez, a married couple who founded the news website RedSiete, were abducted by unknown assailants in Taxco, a town in the central state of Guerrero, some 110 miles (177 kilometers) south of the capital Mexico City, according to news reports.

Three days prior, on November 19, journalist Marco Antonio Toledo was kidnapped, together with his wife and son, when unknown armed men forced themselves into his home, according to news reports and a statement by the Guerrero state prosecutor’s office. Their abduction was reported on November 22. Toledo is editorial director of news website Semanario Espectador de Taxco and a correspondent for privately owned broadcaster N3 Guerrero and news website La Crónica Vespertino de Chilpancingo.

All three journalists regularly report on crime, security and politics.

Arce and Sánchez were released on November 25, followed by Toledo and his wife on November 26, and Toledo’s son on November 28, according to newsreports.

Also on November 28, four journalists – Óscar Guerrero, a photographer for news website En Primer Plano; Víctor Mateo, a reporter for news website Ahora Guerrero; Jesús de la Cruz of online news agency El Jaguar, and a fourth victim who asked to remain anonymous out of fear for his safety – were traveling in a car after covering the murder of a bus driver when they were shot at by unidentified gunmen in a car and on a motorcycle in Chilpancingo, Guerrero’s state capital, according to news reports and a statement by Guerrero’s state prosecutor’s office.

Two of the reporters were in a stable but “delicate” condition in a hospital, the two other reporters, who asked to remain anonymous, citing safety fears, told CPJ. All four journalists regularly report on local crime and security, which exposes them to attacks by gangs, they said.

Guerrero is one of Mexico’s most violent states due to turf wars between criminal groups, according to the Wilson Center, a Washington D.C.-based think tank.

On November 29, Maynor Ramón Ramírez, or “El May,” who regularly reports on crime for newspaper Diario ABC Michoacán, was shot by unknown attackers while at his family’s carpet cleaning business in the city of Apatzingán in the drug cartel-dominated neighboring state of Michoacán, according to news reports. Ramírez and another person, who was not identified, were taken to a hospital for treatment, those sources said.

In 2016, Ramírez was shot in the stomach, according to news reports.

“The series of attacks on journalists in Guerrero and Michoacán are shocking, even in a country accustomed to violence against the press, and underscore the Mexican government’s failure to adequately protect the press,” said Jan-Albert Hootsen, CPJ’s Mexico representative. “CPJ calls on Mexican authorities to immediately investigate these attacks and bring the culprits to justice, lest these crimes linger in impunity as so many others have before them.”

A spokesperson for the Guerrero state prosecutor’s office, which said in its statements that it was investigating the attacks, did not respond to CPJ’s request for comment via messaging app.

CPJ was unable to find contact information for Ramírez’s family. ABC Michoacán did not reply to a request for comment. CPJ’s phone calls to the Michoacán state prosecutor’s office, which also said in a statement that it was investigating the attack on Ramírez, were not answered.

Tobyanne Ledesma, head of the Federal Mechanism for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders and Journalists, told CPJ that her agency had not had prior contact with the reporters in Guerrero and Michoacán, and it was reaching out to them to offer protection under a federal program run by the federal Interior Ministry.

Mexico is the most dangerous country in the Western Hemisphere for journalists. In 2022, 13 journalists were killed in Mexico, the highest number CPJ has ever documented in that country in a single year. At least three of those journalists were murdered in direct retaliation for their reporting on crime and political corruption, while CPJ is investigating the motive behind the 10 other killings.

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Mexican authorities must credibly and transparently investigate the killing of journalist Jesús Gutiérrez Vergara who was shot dead in a city near the U.S. border, the Committee to Protect Journalists said Friday.

Gutiérrez, the founder and editor of Notiface, a Facebook-based news website, was talking with four off-duty policemen in the early hours of September 25 in a residential area in the northern city of San Luis Río Colorado when shots were fired from a vehicle, killing the journalist and one officer, and wounding the other three.

Gutiérrez was not the target but simply a neighbor who died “in a collateral manner,” the state prosecutor’s office said in a statement. CPJ was unable to confirm whether the reporter was working at the time.

On September 26, the city’s Mayor Santos González Yescas said in a video statement that three suspects, who were part of an organized crime gang, had been arrested. The mayor said the attack was directed at the policemen and Gutiérrez had walked up to greet them when they were all shot.

“With the brutal killing of Jesús Gutiérrez, Mexico continues its long and tragic streak as the Western Hemisphere’s deadliest country for journalists,” said Jan-Albert Hootsen, CPJ’s Mexico representative. “Although the arrest of three suspects one day after the attack is a welcome move in a country where the vast majority of press killings go unpunished, it is vital that authorities determine the motive behind the shootings and whether there was any link to Gutiérrez’s work.”

Vergara, 47, was a veteran crime reporter who was well known locally, particularly for his live broadcasts from crime scenes, according to the online newspaper Infobae. Gutiérrez had recently published posts on Notiface about crime in the city, including an article about the arrest of an alleged drug trafficker and videos of police vehicles responding to an incident.

CPJ was unable to find contact information for Gutiérrez’s family and was not aware of any recent threats against the reporter’s life. Similarly, an official with the Federal Mechanism for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders and Journalists, which protects reporters at risk, told CPJ that it had not been in contact with Gutiérrez or heard of any threats against him. The official spoke on condition of anonymity as they were not authorized to publicly comment on the matter.

In 2022, 13 journalists were killed in Mexico, the highest number CPJ has ever documented in that country in a single year. At least three of those journalists were murdered in direct retaliation for their reporting on crime and political corruption, while CPJ is investigating the motive behind the 10 other killings.

CPJ’s calls to the offices of the mayor and of the state prosecutor and Facebook messages to Notiface were not answered.

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Reporters Without Borders (RSF) calls on the Mexican authorities to conduct a thorough investigation into a veteran radio and newspaper journalist’s murder by gunmen in the southeastern state of Puebla in order to determine whether it was linked to his journalism.

Marco Aurelio Ramírez Hernández, 69, was killed in broad daylight in a hail of bullets fired by men on a motorcycle as he was leaving his home in his car on 23 May in Tehuacán, Puebla’s second largest city, located 200 km southeast of Mexico City.

A commentator on a daily programme broadcast on Stereo Luz FM, a local radio station, and a former Tehuacán correspondent for Puebla’s Central newspaper, Ramírez specialised in covering crime, local journalists said. One of his investigations exposed the case of a paedophile priest who had been protected by Mexico’s Catholic Church hierarchy, they said.

After a long media career, Ramírez worked as the Tehuacán mayor’s security assistant for nine months in 2019. In this capacity, he helped dismantle a local criminal group involved in fuel smuggling, drug trafficking and human trafficking. This criminal group resumed its activities in the region last year, according to the local media.

“We condemn Ramírez’s murder in the strongest terms and, so that it does not join Mexico’s long list of unpunished murders of journalists, we call on the Puebla state prosecutor’s office to conduct a swift and transparent investigation to determine whether it was linked to his activity as a municipal official or to his journalism.”

Artur Romeu, Director of RSF’s Latin America bureau

According to RSF’s tally, more than 150 journalists have been murdered in Mexico since 2000, making it the world’s most dangerous country for media personnel. Last year was the deadliest ever for journalists in Mexico.

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Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador must stop making baseless criticisms of local news outlets and the international free expression organization Article 19, the Committee to Protect Journalists said Thursday.

Since March, López Obrador has sharply criticized Article 19, national investigative magazine Proceso, privately owned online news outlets Animal Político and Aristegui Noticias, and Animal Político investigative reporter Nayeli Roldán over their coverage of the Mexican federal government’s alleged use of illegal spyware.

The president’s statements have led to online abuse and threats of violence against Article 19, the three outlets, and their reporters, according to Roldán, Animal Político’s editorial director Daniel Moreno, and Article 19’s regional director Leopoldo Maldonado, who all spoke to CPJ by phone.

“Mexican President López Obrador’s recent attempts to discredit journalist Nayeli Roldán, three critical news outlets, and Article 19 are more proof that his administration prefers harassing journalists over solving the country’s catastrophic press freedom crisis,” said CPJ Mexico Representative Jan-Albert Hootsen. “López Obrador’s constant verbal attacks on reporters, which serve only as a distraction from the issues they report on, must stop before they lead to further violence against the press.”

Since he assumed office in 2018, López Obrador repeatedly stated that his government does not engage in illegal surveillance with spyware and denied that his administration uses such applications for anything other than national security.

However, a series of reports published in March 2023 provided evidence that the Mexican military used Pegasus, a spyware developed by the Israeli NSO group, to monitor conversations between human rights activist Raymundo Ramos and two journalists at the Mexico City newspaper El Universal since 2019.

In a March 10 press briefing, Roldán asked López Obrador about those allegations, to which he responded by saying Roldán was “always against his government.” When Roldán insisted the military must explain the legal basis for the spying, he accused her of “not being objective,” and called her “unprofessional” and part of the “tendentious, bribed media.”

During an April 28 press conference, the president told reporters that Roldán was paid in 2022 by the National Institute for Access to Information, a federal autonomous body that handles freedom of information requests and regulates the protection of personal data. López Obrador has been highly critical of the institute, which he claims is “useless,” “onerous, opaque, and unnecessarily expensive,” and opposes his administration and him personally, according to news reports.

During a May 2 press briefing, López Obrador accused Article 19 of being funded by the U.S. government to work “against his government,” therefore “violating our sovereignty” and called the organization “interventionist,” adding that he would send a diplomatic cable to the U.S. government “in protest.”

Moreno, Roldán, and Maldonado told CPJ that the president’s remarks have led to many hateful comments on social media against them personally, as well as on websites and social media pages of Article 19, Proceso, Animal Político, and Aristegui Noticias. Roldán said she received “vicious” misogynistic comments, while Maldonado said he and his organization received many threats and statements echoing the president’s comments.

“I’ve been receiving lots of insults, an increasing number. I’d even call it stalking,” Roldán told CPJ, adding that the pressure has forced her to keep a lower profile on social media. “I can’t send out a single tweet without it receiving insults.”

Moreno said the president’s comments have made him and his reporters feel less safe, leading some of his reporters to ask not to be named in bylines.

“We try to respond to the president, who constantly lies about us and never rectifies false information. His daily press briefing is a far bigger platform than anything we could ever hope to have,” Moreno said. “We have seen an increase in the number of attacks and insults against us, including social media users openly asking who our family members are to accost them as well.”

CPJ contacted presidential spokesperson Jesús Ramírez Cuevas for comment via messaging app but did not receive any response.

Mexico was the deadliest country in the Western Hemisphere for journalists in 2022. At least three reporters were murdered in direct connection to their work, and CPJ is investigating another 10 killings to determine the motive.

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Their work has subjected them to threats and attacks from various actors, and in recent years, from Mexican president Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) himself.

On 3 May – World Press Freedom Day – during his daily press conference, AMLO ramped up his attack on civil society, singling out ARTICLE 19 Mexico and Central America by name, and saying that he has reached out to President Biden to intervene, and for the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to cease its funding to civil society organisations that are critical of the government.

This latest threat is another example of his government’s efforts to undermine press freedom and civil society, and to silence critical voices.

“The entire IFEX network, including the regional alliance IFEX-ALC, stands in solidarity with our ARTICLE 19 colleagues.” stated IFEX Executive Director Rachael Kay and IFEX-ALC Coordinating Committee President Alejandro Delgado. “These threats are unacceptable. Work done by organisations like theirs must be protected – and valued as truly essential to the sustenance of healthy democracies.”

IFEX and IFEX-ALC call on the president of Mexico to stop the stigmatization of Article 19 Mexico and Central America and all civil society organisations, and to respect the work they carry out in defense of human rights.

We also urge the Mexican authorities to conduct a full and transparent investigation into the threats that have been made.

—

IFEX is a nexus for free expression expertise contributed by 119 member-organisations, spanning 70 countries and committed to collaboration and transformative advocacy. IFEX-ALC, which forms part of the global IFEX network, is comprised of 24 organisations in 14 Latin American and Caribbean countries dedicated to defending freedom of expression and press freedom.

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On the 11th anniversary of Mexican journalist Regina Martínez’s murder, Reporters Without Borders (RSF) and its Mexican partner, Propuesta Cívica, call on Mexico’s supreme court to recognise her employer, the weekly magazine Proceso, as an indirect victim so that the investigation into her death can be relaunched.

A respected reporter, Regina Martínez had been Proceso’s correspondent for the previous 12 years in the eastern state of Veracruz, investigating links between Veracruz’s politicians and the cartels, when she was found strangled in the bathroom of her home in Xalapa, the state’s capital, on 28 April 2012.

However, the investigation that the Mexican authorities conducted into her murder was marred by many irregularities and they completely failed to explore the many indications that her murder was linked to her work as a reporter.

RSF and Propuesta Cívica filed a complaint with the Special Prosecutor’s Office for Crimes against Freedom of Expression (FEADLE) in 2021 with the aim of getting Proceso formally recognised as an indirect victim so that the investigation could be relaunched. After the FEADLE rejected the request, it was referred on 24 October 2022 to Mexico’s supreme court, whose decision is now awaited.

Pending this decision, RSF helped organise a press conference today (28 April) in Mexico City in order to pay tribute to Martínez and explain the judicial challenges surrounding what is a very important case for journalists in Mexico.

“Regina Martínez was one of the first national media outlet reporters investigating links between politicians and the drug trade to be murdered in Mexico, and her murder marked a turning point in the security environment for journalists and their freedom in this country. Several journalistic investigations have shown that the judicial investigation was botched. A favourable supreme court ruling could not only help relaunch the investigation but also set a historic precedent in the fight against impunity for crimes of violence against journalists in Mexico”

Artur Romeu, Head of RSF’s Latin America bureau

A passionate reporter who was admired by her peers, Martínez was placed under surveillance by the Veracruz authorities because of her work. In her reporting, she often accused Veracruz’s governors of abandoning the state to the extremely violent Zetas cartel. At the time of her death, she had been about to publish information about the fate of thousands of people who had disappeared in unclear circumstances in Veracruz.

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On March 7, 2023, a joint investigation published by The New York Times and Aristegui Noticias reported that the Mexican Armed Forces used NSO’s Pegasus surveillance software to spy on the communications between journalists at the newspaper El Universal, and human rights defender Raymundo Ramos. 

According to the investigation, an intelligence unit at the Ministry of National Defence (SEDENA) hacked Ramos’ phone on numerous occasions between 2019 and 2020 and eavesdropped on conversations with journalists at El Universal with the aim of accessing data and interfering in investigations into extrajudicial executions in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, with the full knowledge of the military High Command.

“The investigation has revealed shocking evidence of the illegal use of surveillance tools by the military to spy on its own people. Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, who pledged to never spy on his opponents, must immediately cease such practices which amount to serious breaches of human rights and clearly hinder the work of journalists and independent media,” said Romana Cacchioli, Executive Director of PEN International.

According to analysis by Citizen Lab, a research institute at the University of Toronto, forensic tests show that Ramos’ mobile phone had been infected with Pegasus spyware on several occasions. The investigation also reveals that the spying on Ramos stemmed from his reporting on a manhunt in the city of Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, in July 2020. Soldiers chasing several pickup trucks ultimately killed a dozen passengers whom the military said had been part of a local criminal group. Ramos publicized the allegations and a local newspaper published images that compromised the army.

“The Mexican authorities, in particular the President and the army, must convince the international community that they will immediately end the persecution of journalists and human rights defenders. The only way to reduce the current high levels of impunity is to punish those responsible and deliver transparent justice for the victims. No journalist, writer or human rights defender should face threats or harassment of any kind for simply doing their job,” said Grace Westcott, President of PEN Canada.

For years, the Mexican government has been implicated in scandals involving the use of spyware against a wide range of citizens, including journalists. PEN International and PEN Canada call on the Mexican authorities to stop their surveillance of journalists, researchers, authors and human rights defenders, a practice that hinders work that is vital to the development of healthy democracies.

PEN International and PEN Canada also support calls by organisations such as ARTICLE 19, for the army not to obstruct investigations by the Attorney General’s Office, and to publicly disclose details of all SEDENA contracts related to spyware.

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